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Julius Caesar — De Bello Gallico 1.1

Commentarii de Bello Gallico

The Gallic War (opening)

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GaulGallia isest as a wholeomnis divideddivisa intoin partspartes threetres,
of whichquarum oneunam inhabitincolunt the BelgaeBelgae, anotheraliam the AquitaniAquitani, the thirdtertiam those whoqui in their ownipsorum languagelingua CeltsCeltae, in oursnostra GaulsGalli are calledappellantur.
theseHi allomnes in languagelingua, in customsinstitutis, in lawslegibus amonginter themselvesse differdifferunt.

Gaul as a whole is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgae inhabit, another the Aquitani, the third those who in their own language are called Celts, in ours Gauls. All these differ from one another in language, customs, and laws.

the GaulsGallos fromab the AquitaniAquitanis the GaronneGarumna riverflumen, froma the BelgaeBelgis the MarneMatrona andet the SeineSequana dividesdividit.
of theseHorum allomnium the bravestfortissimi aresunt the BelgaeBelgae, for this reasonpropterea becausequod froma the refinementcultu andatque civilizationhumanitate of the Provinceprovinciae farthestlongissime they are distantabsunt,

The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgae. Of all these the bravest are the Belgae, because they are farthest from the refinement and civilization of the Province.

and least of allminimeque toad themeos merchantsmercatores oftensaepe travelcommeant andatque those thingsea whichquae towardad softeningeffeminandos mindsanimos tendpertinent bring inimportant,
and nearestproximique they aresunt to the GermansGermanis, whoqui acrosstrans the RhineRhenum dwellincolunt, with whomquibuscum continuallycontinenter warbellum they wagegerunt.

Merchants least often travel to them and bring in the things that tend to soften the mind; and they are nearest to the Germans, who dwell across the Rhine, with whom they continually wage war.

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